Tuesday, September 28, 2010

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Leasing OF LEASE ACCOUNTING -


According to the provisions of IAS 17 should record an asset and a liability for the same value must be equal to the fair value of the leased property (see accounting records 1). If this value is not equal to fair value but minor, you must register the present value of payments under the lease, excluding from the cost of ownership or any fees associated with the procurement process and are paid by the landlord in the transaction. The fair value should be determined on the date of the contract and the present value of minimum lease payments should be calculated on the starting date of the lease term.
After this must be the successive records of payments of contributions, separating the capital of these interests that include the capital should reduce the bill to pay without forgetting that we do the registration for VAT operation, since according to tax provisions in force in Venezuela this is because at the time of cancellation fees (see accounting entry 2) and then be recorded interest expense for the period, discharging is the provision of interest payable at the time of completed creation of liabilities (see accounting entry 3).

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REGISTRATION OF LEASE ACCOUNTING ISSUES - THE CALCULATION

Several accounting issues that companies should consider for the registration of financial leasing operations, one of them is the calculation of dues to pay, as I explained above quotas comprise a proportion of capital and other interests in Venezuela usually the method of depreciation utilizars French describe below

Where: R = Amount share
C = Total capital to repay or
i = Interest Rate Annualized
n = Number of shares to be amortized in the lease

for us to understand its operation and can also develop the amortization table that will be required in the operation illustrated with a practical example, we say that effected a lease of a vehicle cargo Bs - 500,000.00 and the bank has granted three years of funding to 25% annual lease cancel our monthly payments.
calculated according to the formula above and get a monthly fee of Bs - 19879.91, then say that you first cancel the interest on the principal owed and what remainder of this share capital with which we will build the following table is an amortization table:

As you can see each share is also growing amount we amortize capital and the remaining capital is rapidly smaller, and likewise with increasing our share of capital in the share decreases our share of interest and so on.

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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF LEASING

While it is true that leasing is certainly a useful tool for allow these companies by way of funding short and medium term, like everything else, has its advantages and disadvantages which will try to summarize very briefly:
ADVANTAGES
1) not require an initial payment, so that keeps the business case for use in operational and production cycle, this implies that allows finance 100% of the total value assets acquired.
2) leasing operations are not considered commercial risk operations at the bank because, per se, are automatically backed by an asset.
3) In many countries the total amount of lease payments can be recorded as an expense, thereby decreasing the amount of taxes to be canceled at year end, this occurs in normal conditions more accelerated depreciation for wear and tear over the life of the asset.
4) allows flexibility and expedite the technological upgrading of equipment as to be obsolete or to be worn by their use they can be replaced almost immediately by other equipment purchased by a new lease.
DISADVANTAGES:
1) Leases are usually more expensive than bank loans require a more accelerated depreciation of capital that increased financial costs of companies
2) can not take ownership of the asset until it terminates the lease, when it is perfected transmission
of the above, I think I can conclude that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages in this case, so that means a viable alternative for companies that do not have large capital and need to expand its operational capacity.
Photo taken from the link: http://picsdigger.com/keyword/camion% 20poids% 20lourds /

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IMPLEMENTATION OF LEASING IN VENEZUELA

Not until 1969 to start meeting in Venezuela leasing institutions with the creation of companies Arrendaven and after this Arrendaequipos and Arrendarca. The development of this sector in the country was particularly slow, until in 1976 with the nationalization of oil was an expansion in this market would push further the development of relevant legislation and its inclusion in the General Law on Banks and Other Financial Institutions Financial.
There are now lots of companies engaged in leasing in the country, many if not most, are engaged in vehicle leasing cargo and heavy machinery, as these are the most common alternative, but can get examples of companies engaged in leasing computer equipment and almost anything else that by nature leasable from cars to commercial and land.
Photo taken by: http://www.elvenezolanonews.com/home_news.php?id=8192

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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE FINANCIAL AND OPERATING LEASE

As you have granted in the previous post there are at least two types of leases, although some authors classify more than two I will stick to the classification set out in IAS 17, which will quote below a few extracts from its paragraph 4: " Leasing is a type of lease that transfers substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of assets. Ownership of the same, if any, may or may not be transferred "and the operating lease reads:" operating lease is a lease other than leases . " (2)
Now try to explain this difference as best as it depends on the nature and spirit of negotiation, in principle what they perceive leasing the lessor of the lessee are the return of capital valued by the asset value and interest under this, do not get any additional benefit as I described this as raw output of the asset or its yield, and the landlord does not assume any inherent risk related to assets, or operation, or maintenance or accidents that may cause to others or the lessee thereof, in short the landlord delivers everything right and wrong for himself preserving asset value and interest with the sole exception of the ownership of the property may well be left in the hands of the landlord and the tenant depending on the agreement between them.
Photo taken from the link: http://araxa.olx.com.br/locacao-maquinas-pesadas-iid-18947859

why any lease agreement that includes extra payments based on profitability to produce the good or maintenance costs, transportation and installation, or bonuses for profits is considered exceptional operating lease, in addition to this an important factor is that in cases of lease always operating assets remain in the hands of the lessor and not the tenant.
(2) International Accounting Standards (01-2006) International Accounting Standard No. 17 (IAS 17) [Online Document], Available: http:/ / www.normasinternacionalesdecontabilidad.es/nic/pdf/NIC17.pdf [See: 2010, September 1925]

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FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE HISTORY

in the leasing process involving several factors, the former are the subjects which carry out contract and the latter regarding the method, the calculation of payments and accounting records that cause, then define:
A. Subjects
a) The lease is one that the asset owner decides to rent it by giving up his right change of use to gain by it and in some cases the recovery of the value of its assets or return it.
b) Lessee: This is the subject that this operation receives the rights to use the asset for a specified time, it is important that assets are subject to this type of operation are operating assets, that is, money can be used to generate direct or indirectly, as the lessee's interest is to put into production assets in order to obtain this benefit, which estimates the highest amount that spending to pay for interest and expenses associated with leasing.
c) The Investor: This is the character who has the capital need to invest in making the loan transaction required to settle the costs to the landlord which are profits on which the investor pays the interest charged the tenant.
d) The Assets: The real or personal property to be leased and owned by the lessee, as I explained this is a productive asset which can be profitably own production directly or indirectly.
B. The impersonal
a) Spending: Are additional payouts to the value of the asset that should remove the tenant to the landlord (probably through the investor) are the premium on income gain of good, better explain, is how the profit share have the effect of active production between the tenant and the landlord, the investor participates in this hand expenditure for the payment of interest by the operation, these will also be removed from the production or profit generated by the tenant the right asset.
b) Dues Funding: Are the periodic payments according to the negotiation conducted between the three participants have to pay the tenants above, these usually include a portion of interest and a capital lease or right of return becomes the asset value, these fees are usually constant but there are ways where you place special or additional fees eventually tied to a fixed or variable productive asset.
c) The Lease Agreement: The agreement signed between the landlord and tenant which sets out the conditions and are given the rights to use the asset to the lessor, expressed herein fees, interest, is attached table depreciation and establishes penalties for breach of any of the parties and the same is set at the end of the contract if it will sell the asset to the lessor or the lessee will be refunded, as we shall see this is an important point.
d) Depreciation and wear: As you may have heard the productive assets and unproductive suffer wear and tear, this wear Dwindling asset value over time as it is used, likewise there is also the depreciation is only necessary for the monetary reserve asset to restore after you are fully worn and / or has served its useful life.
Image taken from: HSBC (Date unknown) Leasing [Online Document], Available: http://www.es.yourmoneycounts.com/ymc/goals/ buying_a_car / leasing.html [See: 2010, September 1928]

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LEASING

According to historical records the first practice of leasing, which has been documented to have occurred in the Roman Empire and followed a similar parallel between the Phoenicians. In the first case under the rule of Tiberius Gracchus to the establishment of the Agrarian Law, which approved the expropriation of large estates and gave land to poor citizens, to prevent these were given a different use commissioned by the state of the figure of the delivery of the lease land was inherited, where he received the land had no right of ownership over this, so could not turn sell or lease.
In the case of the Phoenicians, they set up many factories along the Mediterranean, which rented out to rescue the investment made or what it is taxed by them so that rescued after reversed value sold to the plaintiffs, and when it could not abandon them.
These practices continued to occur in one form or another in the Middle Ages, when it was common to pay taxes to the feudal lord of the land use is also the case of servants serfdom that had to give part the fruits of the land given in usufruct, and then inherited money, and even the revival peak charging even with the industrial revolution which made common use of equipment lease for the exploitation of resources or manufacturing of products, examples of this can be found in the UK by 1840 when the "Wagon Companies" leased rail cars to the owners of coal mines and other minerals, as well as mining United States from 1872 where it became common to lease casual or temporary equipment for mineral exploration.
No It was not until 1950 that the lease takes the form closest to the present when the idea of \u200b\u200ban American shoemaker who cornered by the scarcity of credit in the bank intends to sell its production equipment in operation in exchange for a loan for two years so that after this the bank to recover its money plus interest and gain back your team, increasing the process with the capital raised its production capacity from this operation was born the U.S. Leasing Corporation became the first company the lease in the United States.
Image "Factoria Fenicia" Taken from: Kassiopea and Zahra (2001-2009) Phoenician kings of the sea [Online Document], Available: http://paseandohistoria.blogspot.com/2009/01/fenicios-los-reyes-del-mar.html [Query: 2010, September 1926]

Monday, September 27, 2010

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WHAT IS LEASING?

According to the prescriptions of the International Accounting Standards (IAS) in his No. 17 and IAS 17 as is usually called, establishes the definition of lease as follows: " lease is an agreement whereby the lessor conveys to the lessee in return for payment of a lump sum of money, or series of payments or contributions, the right to use an asset for a period of time " (1) .
Leasing is basically a temporary use rights in an asset, be it movable or immovable property, the entity that gives this well is called the landlord and who receives a temporary basis to use it tenant calls, this operation is so lucrative because the tenant is obliged to cancel the landlord a sum of money either in a lump sum or in several consecutive payments established over time, this agreement or contract has a specific time and at the end of several events may occur depending on the type of tenancy which will detail later.
(1) International Accounting Standards (01-2006) International Accounting Standard No. 17 (IAS 17) [Online Document], Available: http://www .normasinternacionalesdecontabilidad.es/nic/pdf/NIC17.pdf [See: 2010, September 1925]